Genotipificación del virus del papiloma humano en mujeres embarazadas VPH positivas / Genotyping of human papillomavirus in HPV-positive pregnant women

Resumen Antecedentes: Las embarazadas infectadas por el virus del papiloma humano presentan condiciones médicas que influyen en el curso de la enfermedad y pueden potenciar la posibilidad de transmisión vertical. Objetivo: Identificar los genotipos del virus del papiloma humano más frecuentes en mujeres embarazadas. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo. Se emplearon muestras de raspado cervical. La extracción de material genético se hizo por la técnica de fenol-cloroformo y se amplificó empleando iniciadores universales MY09/MY11. Las muestras positivas se genotipificaron con un kit que detecta 37 genotipos diferentes. Resultados: Se identificaron 341 genotipos. Los más frecuentes fueron 16 (10.3%), 52 (8.8%) y 59 (8.6%). En el 75.9% la detección fue con un genotipo y en el 42.7% se detectaron infecciones múltiples. Conclusiones: Es sabido que la infección por virus del papiloma humano en mujeres embarazadas raramente evolucionará a lesiones invasivas. Se deberán considerar tanto las posibles complicaciones obstétricas a corto y largo plazo, así como las posibles repercusiones en la salud del recién nacido. La detección elevada del genotipo 16 sugiere un seguimiento estrecho para considerar un abordaje óptimo posterior a la gestación.

Abstract Background: Pregnant women infected with human papillomavirus have medical conditions that influence the course of the disease and can increase the possibility of vertical transmission. Objective: To identify the most common human papillomavirus genotypes in pregnant women. Method: Retrospective, observational and descriptive study. Cervical scraping samples were used. The extraction of genetic material was done by the phenol-chloroform technique and was amplified using universal primers MY09/MY11. Positive samples were genotyped with a kit that detects 37 different genotypes. Results: Three hundred forty-one genotypes were identified. The most frequent were 16 (10.3%), 52 (8.8%), and 59 (8.6%). In 75.9% the detection was with one genotype and in 42.7% multiple infections were detected. Conclusions: It is known that human papillomavirus infection in pregnant women will rarely evolve to invasive lesions. Both possible short- and long-term obstetric complications, as well as possible repercussions on the health of the newborn, should be considered. The high detection of genotype 16 suggests close follow-up to consider an optimal post-pregnancy approach.

Accuracy of rapid point-of-care serological tests for leprosy diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease, still endemic in many countries that may lead to neurological, ophthalmic, and motor sequelae if not treated early. Access to timely diagnosis and multidrug therapy (MDT) remains a crucial element in the World Health Organization's strategy to eliminate the disease as a public health problem. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to evaluate the accuracy of rapid point-of-care (POC) tests for diagnosis of leprosy. METHODS Searches were carried out in electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CRD, Cochrane Library and LILACS) in April 2021 for patients with suspicion or confirmatory diagnostic of leprosy, classified in multibacillary (MB) or paucibacillary (PB) cases, performing rapid POC serological tests compared to clinical evaluation, smear microscopy and immunohistochemistry analysis. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool (QUADAS-2). A meta-analysis was undertaken to generate pooled estimates of diagnostic parameters, presenting sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) values. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO, CRD # 42014009658. FINDINGS From 893 potentially relevant references, 12 articles were included reporting 16 diagnostic tests accuracy studies with 5395 individuals enrolled. Meta-analysis of NDO-LID and PGL-I tests data in MB patients showed sensitivity and specificity [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 0.83 (0.71-0.91), 0.91 (0.72-0.97); and 0.92 (0.86-0.96), 0.93 (0.78-0.98); respectively, with high heterogeneity among the studies. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results can inform policymakers regarding the possibility of implementing accurate, rapid POC tests for leprosy in public health services, especially within primary health care.

Carotid artery stenting has similar outcomes in men and women / Implante de stent na artéria carótida tem desfechos semelhantes em homens e mulheres

Abstract Background The aim of carotid interventions is to prevent cerebrovascular events. Endovascular treatment (carotid-artery-stenting/CAS) has become established as an alternative to open surgery in some cases. Historically, female sex has been considered as a perioperative risk factor, however, there are few studies regarding this hypothesis when it comes to CAS. Objectives To analyze the CAS results in our center adjusted by sex. Methods A retrospective cohort study was designed, including patients with carotid atheromatosis operated at a single center from January 2016 to June 2019. Our objective was to compare cardiovascular risk, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality, by sex. Follow-up rates of stent patency, restenosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and death were reported. Results 71 interventions were performed in 50 men (70.42%) and 21 women (29.57%). Mean age was 70.50 ± 10.72 years for men and 73.62 ± 11.78 years for women. Cardiovascular risk factors did not differ significantly between sexes. Mean follow-up was 11.28 ± 11.28 months. There were no significant differences in neurological events during follow-up. No adverse cardiological events were detected at any time. Regarding the mortality rate, during medium-term follow up there were 2 neurological related deaths with no significant differences between sexes (p=0.8432). Neither sex had higher rated of restenosis during long term follow-up (5.63% vs. 1.41%, p = 0.9693) or reoperation (1.41% vs. 1.41%, p = 0.4971). All procedures remained patent (<50% restenosis). Conclusions Despite the limitations of our study, CAS is a therapeutic option that is as effective and safe in women as in men. No sex differences were observed.

Resumo Contexto As intervenções carotídeas visam prevenir eventos cerebrovasculares. O tratamento endovascular (implante de stent na artéria carótida) se estabeleceu como uma alternativa à cirurgia aberta em alguns casos. Historicamente, o sexo feminino é considerado um fator de risco perioperatório, mas há poucos estudos abordando essa hipótese em casos de stent de carótida. Objetivos Analisar os resultados do CAS em nosso centro ajustados por sexo. Métodos Este estudo de coorte retrospectivo incluiu pacientes com ateromatose carotídea operados em um centro de janeiro de 2016 a junho de 2019. Nosso objetivo foi comparar o risco cardiovascular, incluindo infarto do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral e mortalidade, de acordo com o sexo. No seguimento, foram descritos patência do stent, reestenose, acidente vascular cerebral, infarto do miocárdio e morte. Resultados Setenta e uma intervenções foram realizadas: 50 homens (70,42%) e 21 mulheres (29,57%). A média de idade foi de 70,50 ± 10,72 anos nos homens e 73,62 ± 11,78 anos nas mulheres. Os fatores de risco cardiovascular não diferiram significativamente entre os sexos. A média de seguimento foi de 11,28 ± 11,28 meses. Durante o seguimento, não houve diferenças significativas nos eventos neurológicos. Nenhum evento cardiológico adverso foi detectado. Quanto à taxa de mortalidade, durante o seguimento de médio prazo ocorreram 2 óbitos neurológicos sem diferenças significativas entre os sexos (p = 0,8432). Não foi observada maior taxa de reestenose no seguimento de longo prazo (5,63% vs. 1,41%, p = 0,9693) ou de reoperação (1,41% vs. 1,41%, p = 0,4971) ao comparar os dois sexos. Todos os procedimentos permaneceram pérvios (< 50% de reestenose). Conclusões Apesar das limitações deste estudo, o stent de carótida em mulheres é uma opção terapêutica tão eficaz e segura quanto em homens. Nenhuma diferença foi observada entre os sexos.

Desenlaces perinatales, en un centro de tercer nivel de México de pacientes con colestasis intrahepática del embarazo / Perinatal outcomes of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in a third level center in Mexico

Resumen OBJETIVO: Describir la atención, tratamiento, desenlaces perinatales y complicaciones asociadas con la colestasis intrahepática del embarazo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de serie de casos, retrospectivo y observacional de pacientes embarazadas, con diagnóstico de colestasis intrahepática atendidas en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología entre los meses de enero de 2016 a diciembre de 2020. Se evaluaron las características obstétricas, los datos demográficos, clínicos, bioquímicos y de tratamiento, la finalización del embarazo y los desenlaces perinatales. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 67 casos de colestasis intrahepática que arrojaron una incidencia de 0.57%. La edad promedio de las pacientes fue 29.0 ± 6.8 años, 30 de 67 eran primigestas, 12 tuvieron el antecedente de colestasis intrahepática en el embarazo previo y 7 de óbito. El inicio de la enfermedad fue en el tercer trimestre en 41 de 67 pacientes. En los estudios de bioquímica 32 de 67 tuvieron valores de ácidos biliares entre 10 y 39 μM/L; 12 de las 67: 40-99 μM/L y 23 más de 100 (μM/L). Se administró tratamiento con ácido ursodesoxicólico a 63 de 67 y ante la falta de respuesta se agregó rifampicina. El promedio de semanas de gestación fue 35.6 ± 2.0 semanas con peso promedio de 2397 ± 572 g. Se encontró líquido amniótico con meconio en 10 neonatos y restricción del crecimiento en 20 de 67; se registraron 2 óbitos. CONCLUSIONES: Este es el primer estudio efectuado en México que describe la incidencia de la enfermedad y se utiliza la determinación de los ácidos biliares para establecer el diagnóstico. Los desenlaces perinatales coinciden con lo reportado en la bibliografía.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the care, treatment, perinatal outcomes and complications associated with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective and observational case series study of pregnant patients with a diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis seen at the National Institute of Perinatology between January 2016 and December 2020. Obstetric characteristics, demographic, clinical, biochemical and treatment data, pregnancy termination and perinatal outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Sixty-seven cases of intrahepatic cholestasis were analyzed, yielding an incidence of 0.57%. The mean age of the patients was 29.0 ± 6.8 years, 30 of 67 were primigravidases, 12 had a history of intrahepatic cholestasis in the previous pregnancy and 7 had an abortion. The onset of the disease was in the third trimester in 41 of 67 patients. In biochemistry studies 32 of 67 had bile acid values between 10 and 39 μM/L; 12 of 67: 40-99 μM/L and 23 more than 100 (μM/L). Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid was administered to 63 of 67 and rifampicin to 4 patients. The mean number of weeks of gestation was 35.6 ± 2.0 weeks with a mean weight of 2397 ± 572 g. Amniotic fluid with meconium was found in 10 neonates and growth restriction in 20 of 67; there were 2 recorded abortions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study carried out in Mexico in which the incidence of the disease is described, and the determination of bile acids is used to establish the diagnosis. Perinatal outcomes coincide with those reported in the literature.

Estudio comparativo in-vitro del selldo apical de tres cementos endodónticos / Comparative in-vitro study of apical sealing of three endodontic sealers

Una de las bases del éxito en el tratamiento de endo - doncia es realizar un buen sellado apical mediante la obturación hermética tridimensional del sistema de conductos radiculares. Objetivo: Evaluar si existe diferencia significativa en los resultados alcanzados en el sellado apical según el tipo de cemento utiliza - do Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cuasi-experimental, treinta dientes unirradiculares fueron instrumentados y obturados, se dividieron en tres grupos de diez, grupo I: resina epóxica, grupo II: hidróxido de cal- cio y grupo III: óxido de zinc y eugenol. Cada diente fue sellado coronalmente con ionómero de vidrio y se colocaron en suero fisiológico por 4 días; se im - permeabilizaron con 3 capas de esmalte de uñas sumergiéndolos en tinta china a 37ºC por 48 horas. Se realizó el proceso de diafanización para evaluar el nivel de filtración de la tinta china a nivel apical. El análisis inferencial fue realizado con ANOVA unifac- torial, y la prueba post hoc de Games- Howell para evaluar entre que cementos utilizados existían dife- rencias significativas. Resultados: La media de filtra - ción apical fue: 0.1mm utilizando cementos a base de resina epóxica, 0.4mm con el cemento a base de hidróxido de calcio y 1.5mm con el cemento de óxi- do de zinc y eugenol. La prueba de ANOVA unifac- torial, indica que hay diferencias significativas en la filtración de los dientes, según el cemento utilizado (p < 0.1) Conclusión: El cemento a base de resi- na epóxica presenta mejores propiedades de sella - do apical en comparación a los cementos a base de óxido de zinc y eugenol e hidróxido de calcio...(AU)

Impacto de la educación en valores mediante la aplicación de medios de enseñanza en la disciplina de Morfofisiología / Impact of values education through the application of teaching aids in Morphophysiology subject

La presente investigación se efectuó con el objetivo de evaluar el impacto de la introducción y generalización del resultado científico: La educación en valores mediante la aplicación de medios de enseñanza - aprendizaje en la disciplina de Morfofisiología en la Licenciatura en Enfermería, a través de indicadores diseñados de acuerdo a las particularidades de la investigación. Se aplicaron encuestas, se realizó una revisión documental de bibliografía relacionada con la temática y de documentos de los departamentos e instituciones en que ha incidido este resultado, lo cual permitió constatar la amplia y efectiva aplicación práctica de los resultados obtenidos de forma sistemática, a través de publicaciones, posgrados, presentación en eventos científicos y su generalización en diversas instituciones educacionales.

This research was conducted with the objective of assessing the impact of the introduction and generalization of the scientific result: Values education through the application of teaching aids- learning in Morphophysiology subject in the Nursing Degree through indicators designed according to the research characteristics. Surveys were carried, furthermore, a documentary bibliographic review related to the subject matter and a review of documents from departments and institutions affected by this result were made. They enabled to verify the wide and effective practice of the results got in a systematic way, through publications, postgraduate courses and presentations in scientific events as well as its generalization in different educational institutions.

Evaluación de parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio relacionados con el diagnóstico de insulino resistencia / Evaluation of clinical and laboratory parameters related to the diagnosis of insulin resistance

The evaluation of insulin resistance (IR) in clinical practice is based on the determination of fasting insulin (I0) and insulin level after 2 hours in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGT). However, there are not adequate cutoff points to discriminate IR patients. Objectives: to evaluate the reliability of insulin levels in the diagnosis of IR using the intravenous insulin tolerance test (IVITT) as the gold standard. Patients and Method: The OGT and IVITT of patients who participated as cases or controls in research protocols were analyzed. We excluded those cases with fasting glycemia over126 mg/dl. Results: 128 cases, 111 F, 17 M; Age: 40.3 +/- 14.8 years; BMI: 33 +/- 8 kg/m2; Waist circumference, M: 100.3 +/- 9.4 cm, F: 96 +/- 15 cm. According to IVITT (KITT), 103 (80.5 percent) were IR (KITT < 4.5 percent) and 25 (19.5 percent) were non IR (KITT > 4.5 percent). Fasting (G0) and 120 minutes after glucose challenge glycemia (G120), I0 and I120, HOMA and area under the glycemia and insulin curve, were significantly higher in the IR, as the same as, hypertension and acanthosis nigricans features (p < 0.05). According to G120, 45 cases (35.2 percent) had glucose intolerance, 9 (7 percent) diabetes and 74 (57.8 percent) were normals. In addition to G0, only IVITT was significantly different among the 3 groups (p = 0.025), identifying most insulin resistant subjects. The sensitivity and specificity for a cutoff point of I120 at 60 µIU/mL, were 30 percent and 88 percent, respectively. Conclusion: Baseline and 120 minutes post glucose charge insulin levels and HOMA, do not discriminate insulin resistant subjects, especially when there is fasting or post-stimulus hyperglycemia. Therefore, they are not recommended for individual diagnosis or therapeutic decisions

Determinación de niveles de vitamina D en pacientes con fibromialgia: estudio de casos y controles / Vitamin D levels in patients with fibromyalgia: case control study

Introduction: fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by diffuse chronic muscle pain, fatigue and disability, affecting quality of life. In recent years there are many reports that show a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in different populations. In patients with FM there are conflicting results about the associations with vitamin D deficiency. Method: Case control study matched controls by age and sex. A clinical interview, measurement of 25-OH vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and intact PTH was measured. The definitions of the American Society of Endocrinology were used: Insufficient vitamin D levels of 21-29 ng/ml and deficiency when they are less than 20 ng/ml. Results: 39 female patients were included in each group. The average age was 46.33 years (SD 10.6) in patients with FM and 45.92 years (SD 11.9) in controls. VD average levels in women with FM was 26.13 ng/ml (SD 8.3) and the controls of 28.45 ng/ml (SD 8.7) p = 0.082. No group differences were found when using cutoffs of 30 ng/dl (OR 2.75 with p = 0.35 [95 percent CI 0.96 to 8.06]) or 20 ng/dl (OR 0,6 p = 0.38 [95 percent CI 0.15 to 2.18]). No VD patients with levels below 10 ng/dl were presented. Conclusions: We found no differences between groups in VD levels when considering the average levels of VD or using different cutoffs.

Genotipificación del virus del papiloma humano en mujeres que asisten a un hospital gineco-obstétrico de tercer nivel de la Ciudad de México / Genotyping of human papillomavirus in women attending a third-level of gynecological-obstetric hospital in Mexico City

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de infección por el virus del papiloma humano en pacientes que acudieron a un hospital de tercer nivel de atención en la Ciudad de México. Método: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, transversal y descriptivo que incluyó 65 mujeres entre 15 a 46 años que asistieron a consulta para atención gineco-obstétrica. A todas las participantes se les tomó una muestra cervical para la detección/genotipificación del papiloma virus mediante la prueba Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test in vitro® (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Branchburg, NJ). Resultados: Un total de 36 (55,4%) pacientes resultaron positivas al virus, en las que se identificaron 65 genotipos virales tanto en infección única (38,9%) como en infección por múltiples (61,1%) genotipos. El 29,2% de los genotipos identificados, fueron de alto riesgo. Los genotipos de alto riesgo más frecuentes fueron: VPH52 y 51; mientras que los genotipos de bajo riesgo más comunes fueron: VPH6 y 53. Un tercio de las pacientes con infección mostraron al menos un genotipo de alto riesgo. Conclusión: En este estudio, se observó una frecuencia relativamente baja de genotipos de alto riesgo del virus del papiloma humano, sin embargo se identificó un porcentaje importante de co-infección por múltiples genotipos. Por esta razón, se considera necesario dar seguimiento a mediano y largo plazo para monitorear la evolución de la infección.

Objective: To identify which are the most frequent genotypes of human papilloma virus among a group of gynecologic-obstetric patients at tertiary care hospital in Mexico City. Method: A prospective and descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among a group of 65 women, aged 15-46 years, receiving gynecological-obstetric care. Cervical specimens were taken from all participants for direct HPV detection/ genotyping by means of a Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test in vitro® (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Branchburg, NJ). Results: Virus detection was achieved in 36 patients (55.4%), with a total of 65 genotypes, either as single (38.9%) or multiple-genotype (61.1%) infections. High risk genotypes accounted for only 29.2% of all genotype. The most frequent high risk genotypes were HPV52 and 51, while HPV6 and 53 were the most frequent low risk ones. At least one high risk genotype was present in one third of infected patients. Conclusion: The relative low frequency of oncogenic human papilloma virus genotypes among the women in this study was observed, however a significant percentage of co-infection with multiple genotypes were identified. Thus, mid- to long-term follow up might be necessary for those patients to monitor the evolution of the infection.

Efecto de la gastrectomía tubular vertical en los niveles de ghrelina plasmática en pacientes obesos / Plasma ghrelin levels in the late postoperative period of vertical sleeve gastrectomy

Background: Plasma ghrelin levels may decrease after vertical sleeve gastrectomy, probably due to the excision of a large portion of the gastric fundus. It is worth exploring the long term effects of this surgical procedure on ghrelin levels and their associations with changes in body weight. Aim: To assess ghrelin levels and changes in body weight, one and five years after a vertical sleeve gastrectomy. Material and Methods: Plasma ghrelin was measured prior to gastric sleeve gastrectomy, immediately after surgery and BMI was controlled at one and five years of the postoperative period in 16 and 10 obese patients, respectively. Mean baseline body mass index was 40.4 ± 6 kg/m². Results: Ghrelin decreased in 10 patients and increased in six during the long term postoperative period. At one year, mean body mass index decreased to 25.1 ± 1.6 kg/m². Changes in weight and ghrelin levels had no relationship whatsoever. At five years of follow up, body mass index had increased to 29.9 ± 2.5 kg/m², again without any association with ghrelin levels. Conclusions: Ghrelin levels may decrease or increase after vertical sleeve gastrectomy and have no association with changes in body weight.

Asociación entre obesidad y cáncer de ovario / Association between obesity and ovarian cancer

Obesity is a risk factor for cancer. Epidemiological evidences associate ovarian cancer with obesity. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common type of ovarian cancer and accounts for a high rate of mortality. The association between ovarian cancer and obesity could be explained by molecular factors secreted by adipose tissue such as leptin. In EOC, leptin increases cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. Additionally, adipose tissue synthesizes endogenous estrogens, which increase cell proliferation of epithelial ovarian cells. Also, obesity associated hyperinsulinism could increase ovarian estrogen secretion.

Effect of tempeaature and concentration on the iscosity of aqueous solutions oof 3-aminopropanoic acid, 4-aminobutanoic acid, 5-aminopentanoic acid,6-aminohexanoic / Acid efecto e laa temperatura y la concentración en la viscoidad de solucioones acuosas de ácido 3-aminopropanoico, ácido 4-aminobutanoico, ácido 5-aminopentanoico, ácido 6-aminohexanoico / Efeito da temperatura e a concentraçâo na viscosiade das soluções aquosas de áciido 3-aminopropanoico, ácido 4-aminobutanoico, ácido 5-aminopentanoico, ácido 6-aminohexanoico

In this work we present the effect of temperature on the viscosities of aqueous so-lutions of 3-aminopropanoic acid, 4-ami-nobutanoic acid, 5-aminopentanoic acid and 6-aminohexanoic acid as a function of concentration. The experimental mea-surements were done from 293.15 K to 308.15 K. At each temperature the experimental data were fitted to the Tsangaris-Martin equation and the B viscosity coefficient was determined. The dependence of the B coefficients on the number of carbon atoms of the amino acids is linear, so the contribution of polar and apolar groups was established. The results are interpreted in terms of amino acid hydration.

En este trabajo se presenta el efecto de la temperatura sobre las viscosidades de soluciones acuosas de acido 3-aminopro-panoico, acido 4-aminobutanoico, acido 5-aminopentanoico, acido 6-aminohexa-noico en función de la concentración. Las determinaciones experimentales se realizaron en un intervalo de temperatura entre 293,15 K hasta 308,15 K. A cada una de las temperaturas trabajadas, los datos experimentales se ajustaron a la ecuación de Tsangaris-Martin y se determinó el coeficiente B de viscosidad. La dependencia del coeficiente B con el número de carbonos del aminoácido es lineal lo cual permitió establecer la contribución de los grupos polares y apo-lares del aminoácido. Los resultados se interpretan en términos de la hidratación de los aminoácidos.

Neste trabalho é apresentado o efeito da temperatura sobre as viscosidades das soluções aquosas de ácido 3-aminopro-panoico, ácido 4-aminobutanoico, ácido 5-aminopentanoico, ácido 6-aminohe-xanoico em função da concentração. As determinações experimentais foram feitas em um intervalo de temperatura entre os 293,15 K até 308,15 K. Para cada uma das temperaturas trabalhadas, os dados experimentais foram ajustados à equação de Tsangaris-Martin, e o coe-fciente B de viscosidade foi determinado. A dependência do coeficiente B com o número de carbonos do aminoácido é linear e permitiu estabelecer a contri-buição dos grupos polares e apolares do aminoácido. Os resultados foram interpretados em termos da hidratação dos aminoácidos.

INFLUENCE OF 1-BUTANOL, 1,2-BUTANEDIOL AND 1,2,3,4-BUTANETETROL ON THE ADSORPTION OF b-LACTOGLOBULIN AT THE AIR-WATER INTERFACE / INFLUENCIA DE 1-BUTANOL, 1,2-BUTANODIOL Y 1,2,3,4-BUTANOTETROL EN LA ADSORCIÓN DE b-LACTOGLOBULINA EN LA INTERFASE AIRE-AGUA / INFLUÊNCIA DE 1-BUTANOL, 1,2-BUTANODIOL E 1,2,3,4-BUTANOTETROL NA ADSORÇÃO DE b-LACTOGLOBULINA NA INTERFACE AR-ÁGUA

In this work, a systematic study on the effect of 1-butanol, 1,2-butanediol and 1,2,3,4-butanetetrol (erythritol) on the surface tension of β-lactoglobulin in aqueous solution at pH 6.5 and 298.15 K is presented. The experimental data were used to calculate the surface pressure and were adjusted to different protein adsorption models at the liquid-air interface to explain the behavior of β-lactoglobulin in aqueous solution. The results show that the alcohols produce a significant effect on the adsorption behavior of the protein at the interface that is related to the number of hydroxyl groups.

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sistemático del efecto de 1-butanol, 1,2-butanodiol y 1,2,3,4-butanotetrol (eritritol) sobre la tensión superficial de la β-lactoglobulina en solución acuosa a 298,15 K. Los datos experimentales fueron usados para calcular la presión superficial y se ajustaron a distintos modelos de adsorción en la interfase líquido-aire para explicar el comportamiento de la β-lactoglobulina en solución acuosa. Los resultados muestran que los alcoholes tienen un efecto significativo en el proceso de adsorción de la proteína en la interfase, relacionado con el número de grupos hidroxilo del alcohol.

Neste trabalho, um estudo sistemático sobre o efeito do 1-butanol, 1,2-butanodiol e 1,2,3,4-butanotetrol (eritritol) sobre a tensão superficial da β-lactoglobulina em soluçãoaquosa em pH 6,5 e 298,15 K é apresentado. Os dados experimentais foram utilizados para calcular a pressão de superfície e foram ajustados para diferentes modelos de adsorção de proteínas na interface líquido-ar para explicar o comportamento de β-lactoglobulina em soluçãoaquosa. Os resultados mostram que os alcoóisproduzem um efeito significativo sobre o comportamento de adsorção da proteína na interface que está relacionado com o número de grupos hidroxila.

Partial molar vllume of some alkanolamines in water at 298.15 k / Volumen molar parcial de algunas alcanolaminas en agua a 298,15 k / Volume molar paccial de algumas alcanolaminas em água a 298,15 k

Densities of aqueous solutions of 3-amino-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-propanol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, and 1,3-diamino-2-propanol were measured at 298.15 K using the vibrating tube technique. The apparent molar volumes of the alkanolamines were determined as a function of composition from experimental data and the solute limiting partial molar volume was obtained through extrapolation. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of the number and the position of polar groups in the molecules.

Las densidades de soluciones acuosas de 3-amino-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-propanol, 3-amino-1,2-propanodiol y 1,3-diamino-2-propanol fueron medidas a 298,15 K usando la técnica del tubo vibrante. Los volúmenes molares aparentes se determinaron en función de la composición a partir de los datos experimentales y los volúmenes molares parciales de los solutos a dilución infinita fueron obtenidos por extrapolación. Los resultados son discutidos en términos del efecto del número y la posición de los grupos polares en las moléculas.

As densidades de soluções aquosas de 3-amino-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-propanol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol and 1,3-diamino-2-propanol foram medidas a 298 K utilizando a técnica de tubo vibratório. Os volumes molares aparentes das alcanolaminas foram determinados como uma função de composição partindo de dados experimentais e parciais volumes molares de solutos na diluição infinita foram obtidos por extrapolação. Os resultados são discutidos em termos do efeito do número e da posição dos grupos polares nas moléculas.

Gestión de cuidados con calidad desde la formación del profesional de Enfermería / Quality of care management from the training of Nursing professional

Se efectuó estudio analítico transversal con el objetivo de analizar cómo incide el proceso de formación del profesional de Enfermería en la gestión de los cuidados con calidad, en el periodo comprendido entre enero-abril 2008. El universo estuvo constituido por profesores y estudiantes, seleccionando una muestra. Las variables operacionalizadas fueron: asignaturas que enseñan a gestionar los cuidados, vínculos del sistema de conocimientos al desarrollo de habilidades profesionales, formas de organización de la enseñanza, influencia de las funciones de los profesionales de enfermería y consideraciones acerca de la calidad de los cuidados a brindar. Enseñan a gestionar cuidados con calidad técnica el 96,34 por ciento de los profesores, estableciendo el vínculo de sistemas de conocimientos con desarrollo de habilidades profesionales, gestión que se favorece con las formas de organización de la enseñanza. Las funciones asistenciales ocupan el primer lugar en la escala jerárquica, intervinieron con sus respuestas estudiantes de primer año del Nuevo Modelo Formativo, y expresan que todas las asignaturas los enseñan a gestionar cuidados con calidad mediante formas de organización de la enseñanza como conferencias, seminarios, presentación de casos y clase talleres. Profesores y estudiantes expresan desde sus ópticas cómo se percibe el proceso de gestión. El procesamiento de datos se realizó mediante el sistema SPSS. Se concluyó que el proceso de enseñanza influye de forma decisiva en la gestión de cuidados de enfermería con calidad que se brinda a los educandos(AU)

A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted to analyze how to affect the process of training of Nursing on the quality care management from January to 'April, 2008. Universe included professors and students to select a sample. Operational variable included: subjects teaching to manage the cares, links of knowledge system to development of professional abilities, ways or teaching organization, influence of functions of nursing professionals and considerations on the quality of care to be supplied. To teach in management of care with a technical quality of the 96,34 percent of professors, establishing the link of knowledges systems with develop of professional abilities, management favored by teaching organization ways. Assistance functions are in the first place in hierarchical scale where the first year of the New Formative Form students gave their answers, expressing that all subjects teach them to manage the cars with quality be means of ways of organization of teaching as lectures, seminaries, cases presentation and workshop class. Professor and students express, from their point of view, how the management process is perceived. The data processing was carried out using the SPSS system. We conclude that the teaching process influences in a decisive way on the management of nursing care with quality offering to students(AU)

Consideraciones sobre la educación en valores a través de los medios de enseñanza-aprendizaje / Considerations concerning education in values using teaching aids

El artículo fundamenta un marco teórico para la educación en valores utilizando los medios de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se destacan los fundamentos filosóficos, psicológicos y pedagógicos de la educación en valores y la utilización de los medios para cumplir con el proceso formativo de los estudiantes de universidades médicas cubanas.

This paper supports a theoretical framework to carry out values education using teaching aids. It points out the philosophical, psychological and pedagogical bases concerning values education and the use of teaching aids to carry out the formative process of Cuban medical university students.

EFECTO DE ALCOHOLES Y POLIOLES SOBRE LA ESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTURAL DE LA β-LACTOGLOBULLNA EN SOLUCIÓN ACUOSA / EFFECT OF ALCOHOLS AND POLYOLS ON THE STRUCTURAL STABILITY OF β-LACTOGLOBULLN IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION / EFEITO DE ALCOÓIS E POLIOLES SOB A ESTABILIDADE ESTRUTURAL DA β-LACTOGLOBULLNA EM SOLUÇÃO AQUOSA

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sistemático sobre el efecto del incremento en el número de grupos OH de alcoholes y polioles de cuatro carbonos sobre las propiedades conformacionales de la β-lactoglobulina. Los cambios en el comportamiento de las soluciones acuosas de la proteína por la adición de 1-butanol, 1,2-butanodiol, 1,2,4-butano-triol y 1,2,3,4-butanotetrol fueron determinados por espectroscopia UV, de fluorescencia y DC en el UV lejano, y en el UV cercano a 298,15 K. Los resultados muestran que el butanol ejerce una mayor modificación en la estructura de la proteína y el efecto va disminuyendo a medida que se incrementa el número de grupos OH.

In this work we present a systematic study of the effect of the increase of OH groups in alcohols and polyols of four carbon atoms on the conformational properties of β-lactoglobulin. The changes in the behavior of the aqueous solution of the protein by the addition of 1-butanol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2,4-butanetriol y 1,2,3,4-butano-tetrol were determined by UV, far and near UV CD spectra and fluorescence spectroscopy at 298.15K. The results show that the largest modification ofprotein structure is due to butanol and the effect decreases as the number of OH groups increase.

Neste trabalho apresenta-se um estudo sistemático sob o efeito do acréscimo do número de grupos OH de alcoóis e polióis de quatro carbonos nas propriedades conformacionais da β-lactoglobulina. As mudanças no comportamento das soluções aquosas da proteína, pela adição de 1-butanol, 1,2 butanodiol, 1,2,4 e 1,2,3,4 butanotetrol butanotriol, foram determinados por espectroscopia UV, fluorescência e DC no UV distante, e no UV próximo a 298,15 K. Os resultados mostraram que o butanol tem uma maior influencia na estrutura da proteína, e o seu efeito diminui com o aumento do número de grupos OH.

Determinación de los niveles de cortisol salival en una muestra de sujetos de Santiago de Chile / Salivary cortisol among subjects with and without Cushing syndrome

Background: Salivary cortisol measurement is recommended as a screening mea-sure when a Cushing Syndrome is suspected. Theproposed cut-offpointfor aprobable diagnosis is 0.16 ug/dL. Aim: To determine salivary cortisol concentrations during the day inpatients with and without Cushing syndrome and with depression. Material and Methods: Salivary cortisol was measured by competitive enzyme immuno assay (EIA), in samples obtained at 8:00,15:00 and 23:00 h in 78 patients without Cushing syndrome, aged 40 ± 15years (28 males), 30 patients with depression aged 40 ± 12years (nine males) and four jemales with Cushing syndrome aged 42 ± 17 years. Results: Salivary cortisol was higher among patients with Cushing syndrome than the rest of patients. A salivary cortisol over the cut-off value of O.16 ug/dL was found in 42 percent of subjects without Cushing syndrome and in 33 percent of patients with depression. Median values among patients without Cushing syndrome, depression and with Cushing syndrome were 0.21 (range < 0.1-1.42), 0.2 (range 0,12-0.9) and 0.58 (range 0.37-1.1) ug/dL, respectively Conclusions: Salivary cortisol measured by EIA method was higher among patients with Cushing syndrome but there was a great overlap with values obtained in subjects without the syndrome.

ESTABILIZACIÓN DE HOLO-α-LACTOALBÚMINA EN PRESENCIA DE POLIOLES / HOLO-α-LACTALBUMLN STABILIZATION IN THE PRESENCE OF POLYOLS / ESTABILIDADE TÉRMICA DA HOLO-α-LACTOALBUMFNA EM PRESENÇA DE POLIÓIS

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sistemático sobre el efecto de las soluciones acuosas de eritritol, xilitol, sorbitol e inositol con diferentes concentraciones, sobre la estabilidad térmica de la holo-α-lactoalbúmina bovina con pH 6,5 usando espectroscopia UV-VIS. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los polioles usados estabilizan la holo-α-lactoalbúmina en un grado significativamente menor al reportado para otras proteínas. Se sugiere que este menor efecto de estabilización ocurre debido a que esta proteína presenta un estado desnaturalizado parcialmente desdoblado.

In this work we present a systematic study of the effect of aqueous solutions of erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol and inositol on thermal stability of bovine holo-α-lactalbumin at pH 6,5 using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The results show that the polyols used stabilize the holo-α-lactoalbumin in a significant lesser extent than the reported for others proteins. It is suggested that the lower stabilization achieved for this protein is the result of a partially unfolded denaturated state that this protein presents.

Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo sistemático acerca do efeito de soluções aquosas de eritritol, xilitol, sorbitol e inositol a diferentes concentrações sobre a estabilidade térmica da holo-α-lactoalbumina bovina a pH 6,5 usando espectroscopia UV-VIS. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os polióis usados estabilizam a holo-α-lactoalbumina num grado significativamente menor ao reportado para outras proteínas. Se sugere que este menor efeito de estabilização ocorre devido a que esta proteína apresenta um estado desnaturalizado parcialmente desdobrado.

Efecto de la tepperatura sobre la viscosidad desoluciones acuosas diluidas de 1,2-hexanodiol, 1,5-hexanodiol, 1,6-hexanodiol y 2,5-hexanodiol / Effect of temperature on the viscosities of dilute aqueous solutions of 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and 2,5-hexanedool / Efeito d temperaatura sobre as propriedades viscosimetrio de soluções aaquosas diluídas de 1,2-hexanodiol, 1,5-hexanodiol, 1,6-hexanodiol y 2,5-hexanodiol

Se determinó la viscosidad de soluciones acuosas diluidas de 1,2-hexanodiol, 1,5- hexanodiol, 1,6-hexanodiol y 2,5-hexanodiol en un rango de temperatura entre 283,15 y 308,15 K usando viscosímetros tipo Ubbelohde. Los valores de viscosidad relativa fueron ajustados a una ecuación de segundo orden para obtener el coeficiente B que está relacionado con el tamaño y la forma de la molécula de soluto. La dependencia del coeficiente B de viscosidad con la temperatura se discute en términos de la posición de los grupos hidroxilo en la estructura del agua.

Experimental viscosities of dilute aqueous solutions of 1,2-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and 2,5-hexanediol were measured in the temperature range from 283,15 to 308,15 K using Ubbelohde viscometers. The relative viscosity values were adjusted by least-squares to a second order equation to obtain the viscosity B coefficient which has been related to the size and shape of the solute molecule. The temperature dependence of the viscosity B coefficient is discussed in terms of the effect of the position of the hydroxyl groups in the diol molecules on water structure.

Determinou-se a viscosidade de soluções aquosas diluídas de 1,2-hexanodiol, 1,5- hexanodiol, 1,6- hexanodiol y 2,5- hexanodiol numa faixa de temperatura entre 283,15 y 308,15 K, com o auxílio de viscosímetros tipo Ubbelohde. Os valores de viscosidade relativa foram ajustados a uma equação de segunda ordem para a obtenção do coeficiente B, que está relacionado com o tamanho e a forma da molécula de soluto. A dependência do coeficiente de viscosidade B com a temperatura é discutido em termos da posição dos grupos hidroxila na estrutura da água.